蒙太格语法框架下的汉语被动句分析

Montagovian Constructions of Passive Sentences in Mandarin Chinese

被动句作为汉语特殊句式,且具有汉语的特色,一直是语言学家研究的热点,但以往研究都只是从分类和句法角度进行分析,鲜有将被动句的句法和语义相结合而形成同步推演。本研究将被动句分为两类:一类是基本被动模式,描绘事物的状态;一类是被动变化模式,带"被"字的被动句,描绘受事状态的变化。并分别对这两类都被动句进行蒙太格语法基本原则的生成解读和Partee的转换解读。最后形成对被动句的句法语义的同步推演,并体现了乔姆斯基的深、表层结构之分。

Passive, an important sentence pattern in Mandarin Chinese is one of the most distinctive sentence patterns to show linguistic features specific to Chinese. Passive has been an essential part in urging the development of Generative grammar and other sort of grammars. The present work will dwell on syntactic construction for Chinese passives together with their more attractive semantic interpretation. Four subparts, as listed below, are included. The first part serves as an introduction to an explanation of possible problems for passive analysis and the reason for adopting Montague grammar（ MG for short） as our mechanical tool, the latter of which will be further explicated in the part followed. Then in the third part, detailed Montagovian analysis over 12 Chinese passives are given, where the semantic interpretations are unfolded from two perspectives： one, some sorts of Chinese passives arise from syntactic derivation, which needs some basic Montagovian rules to cover; two, other sorts are residue of transformation, which means certain transformational rules are necessary. The fourth part concludes the present study with its academic significance.