中国哲学研究反思:超越“以西释中”

Reflecting on Research on Chinese Philosophy:Transcending Explaining Chinese Philosophy Using Western Theories

"中国哲学"的概念首先出现于柏应理的《中国哲学家孔子》。近代意义的中国哲学研究,法国最早,德国最为系统和深入,日本最多;德、日均出现了多种多卷本的中国哲学通史著作。"中国哲学"在东亚的出现则是世界历史形成、东亚近代化的产物;其内涵是传统的断裂和对象性态度的形成。对整个世界范围的中国哲学研究进行反思可以看出,迄今为止的中国哲学研究,实质上只有"以西释中"一种模式;不同的西方哲学对中国哲学有不同的适合度;中国哲学的价值大多也是靠西方哲学来挺立的。这既有一定的历史必然性,也提供了将西方哲学置于中国哲学的视域下加以考察的可能。未来的中国哲学研究应采取诠释性的建设立场,以期在道德哲学方面对当今研究有所启发。

The concept of Chinese philosophy was first put forward in Philippe Couplet's Confucius Sinarum philosophus.Where research on Chinese philosophy in the modern sense is concerned,France was first,Germany was the most systematic and most profound,and Japan the most productive.Both Germany and Japan have produced multi-volume general histories of Chinese philosophy.'Chinese philosophy 'as such owed its appearance in East Asia to the development of world history and the modernization of East Asia.Its distinctive features lie in its break with tradition and its assuming the status of an object.Reflecting on Chinese philosophy in the world scene,we find that research on the subject has only one model,that of'explaining Chinese philosophy using Western theories.' Different Western philosophies are more or less appropriate for Chinese philosophy;most of the latter's values have had to depend on Western philosophy for their establishment.This is to a certain extent a historical inevitability,and has made possible the examination of Western philosophy from the perspective of Chinese philosophy.Future research on Chinese philosophy should take the standpoint of constructing interpretations in order to inspire contemporary research on moral philosophy.