地方法治建设及其评估机制探析

Building the Rule of Law at the Local Level,with an Analysis of its Evaluation Mechanisms

超越国家整体主义法治观的分析模式,按照法治发展的阶段性和渐进性,可以把法治类型化为国家法治和地方法治。建设中国特色社会主义法治体系,建设社会主义法治国家,离不开地方法治的具体实践。地方法治现象是法治中国建设的阶段性和渐进性的表现形式,具有现实的社会基础和深刻的法理基础。全面推进依法治国,必然要求鼓励并支持地方法治化,通过"先行先试"探索和创新中国特色社会主义法治发展模式。地方法治化体现在法治的"文本—行动—观念"三个层面,即在地方实现制度系统的法治化、行动系统的法治化和观念系统的法治化。地方法治建设的评估机制和评估指标体系也应依此设置。地方法治在建构过程中应当与法治评估同步,要求做好顶层设计,进行地方立法评估,健全地方法治工作绩效考核机制,运用法治指数从整体上评估地方法治化水平。在坚持国家法治统一性的前提下,加强地方法治建设,优化地方法治评估机制,是全面推进依法治国的具体行动,也是从整体上实现法治中国最终目标的必然要求。

Rising above the analytical model of the holistic state in rule of law,we can classify the rule of law into national and local on the basis of its stages and incremental progress.Constructing a socialist country under rule of law is inseparable from the concrete practice of the rule of law at the local level.The phenomenon of the local rule of law is an expression of the stages and progress of building a China based on rule of law;it has an immediate social foundation and an underlying jurisprudential foundation.Comprehensively promoting the rule of law necessarily requires encouragement and support for the rule of law at the local level,using'going ahead and trying it out 'to explore and innovate a developmental model of the rule of law for socialism with Chinese characteristics.Rule of law at the local level manifests the three dimensions of'text—action—concept,' or realizing the rule of law in local institutional systems,action systems,and conceptual systems,accompanied by the corresponding evaluation mechanisms and indicators.The building of the rule of law at the local level should be synchronized with evaluation systems.This requires that we optimize top-level design,conduct evaluations of local legislation,improve the performance assessment system,and use rule of law indicators to evaluate local rule of law across the board.Provided that we adhere to the unity of the rule of law at the national level,strengthening construction of the rule of law at the local level and optimizing a local evaluation system for this purpose are not only concrete actions for developing the new situation of governing the country with law,but also a necessary requirement for governing the ultimate goal of rule of law in China as a whole.