论黑格尔历史观的双重维度:理性与自由的变奏

On the Dual Dimensions of Hegel's View of History:Reason and Freedom

黑格尔是近代历史哲学理论发展中的重要代表人物,他明确把自己的历史观称之为哲学的历史,本文则立足于理性与自由两个重要维度,对黑格尔的历史观进行深入阐述,意在揭示黑格尔的历史哲学的深层内涵:即阐明历史是合乎理性的历史,而且我们可以通过理性思维把握到历史的内在本质,但在黑格尔这里理性是思辨的理性,历史是在各种本质的规定的联系中的有机统一体,他在这里给我们提供了一种区别于知性的把握历史的方式;另一方面,黑格尔继承了康德的目的论思想,赋予了历史的理性以内在的目的,即自由。历史在黑格尔这里是历史理性的自我实现的历史,同时也是人类的自由的实现史。自由是历史理性的内在目的,而理性是作为自由实现的必然性过程展示。理性与自由在黑格尔的历史观中实现了内在统一,二者构成理解黑格尔历史观的两个重要维度。

Hegel is an important representative in the development of modern history philosophy, ancl he clearly called his view of history as the history of philosophy. This paper makes a thorough elaboration on Hegel＇s history philosophy from two dimensions： reason and freedom. Firstly, history conforms to reason , and we can grasp the nature of history through our rational thinking; but reason is speculative in Hegel＇s theory, and history is organic unity in the connections of various essential regulations. He provides us a way to understand history which is different from the intellectual way. Secondly Hegel inherited the teleology from Kant, and gives internal purpose to history, and that is freedom. In Hegel＇s theory, history is the progress of self - realization of history rationality, but also that of realization of human freedom. Freedom is the internal purpose of history rationality, while reason reveals the necessary progress of realization of freedom. Reason and freedom reveal internal unity in Hegel＇s history philosophy, so the two constitute the dual dimensions of understanding Hegel＇s history philosophy.