社会分层视角下中国城市社区居民体育锻炼行为分析——基于CGSS数据的实证研究

Analysis on China Urban Community Resident Exercise Behavior in the Perspective of Social Stratification: Based on CGSS Data

为了对城市社区居民体育锻炼发生率进行科学研究,以社会学为研究视角,采用文献资料法和数理统计法,依循社会分层的研究逻辑线索,利用中国综合社会调查数据2008对中国城市社区居民的体育锻炼行为进行了实证研究。通过数据分析,探讨了城市社区居民体育锻炼参与因素中的2个问题:1)社会分层是否对城市社区居民的体育锻炼行为有影响;2)城市社区居民的体育锻炼行为受什么因素影响。在研究方法上,采用多水平模型与二分类的逻辑斯迪克回归模型。研究发现,城市社区居民的体育锻炼受个体层次的自变量和高层次自变量的共同影响。个体层次自变量为个人周工作时、学历、个人年收入、个人经济社会等级与年龄世代,高层次自变量—社区居住类型影响个体体育锻炼行为的发生;呈现出社会阶层高,体育锻炼行为发生率高,家庭月支出高,体育锻炼行为发生率高,个人周工作时间短、个人学历高、人年收入高体育锻炼行为发生率高。年龄划分中传统一代、失落一代、独生一代的体育锻炼发生率高于幸运一代、转型一代呈现出人口年龄结构两头发生率高、中间低发生率的态势。有助于从社会学的角度认识我国城市居民体育锻炼的社会分层效应的影响机制,从而构建城市居民体育锻炼研究的基础。

In the perspective of social stratification,this paper used the CGSS 2008 data to analyze the rate of urban community resident＇s exercise behavior by the methods of literature review and mathematic statistics. The analysis focused on two questions. The first question is whether social stratification will influence urban community residents＇ exercise behavior. The second question is what factors are influencing urban community residents＇ exercise behavior. Multilevel model and binary logic regression model were used to analyze the data. The result showed that variables at both individual and group levels affect urban community residents＇ exercise jointly. The variables at individual level include weekly working hours,education,income,socioeconomic status,and generation. Community type of the group variable affects the occurrence of individual＇s exercise behavior. Overall,the higher social class,family monthly expenditure,education,income,and shorter weekly working hours,the exercise rate is higher. In terms of generational differences,the traditional generation,the lost generation,and the one child generation have higher sport participation rate than the lucky generation＇s and higher than the transformation generation＇s,which formed a U curve whereby the old and the young generations having higher sport participation than the middle age generation. It will be useful to cognize the influence mechanism of social stratification in China urban community residents＇ exercise in sociology perspective and to build research foundation.