我国优秀短距离速滑运动员弯道滑冰腿部肌电特征研究

EMG Characteristics of Leg Muscles in Elite Speed Skaters During Curving Skating

目的：通过分析短距离速滑运动员弯道单步周期腿部肌电特征,探讨弯道单步周期腿部肌肉动作和协调模式,发现腿部力量训练可能存在的问题。方法：采集运动员第1弯道2～6次连续5次单步周期肌电图,原始肌电图进行全波整流处理,再进行均化处理。结论：1）单步周期收腿阶段大小腿折叠可能是由蹬伸动作的后效应引起的随势动作,踝关节在右单步周期收腿阶段背屈,落腿阶段拓屈,左单步周期收腿阶段和落腿阶段前期背屈,落腿阶段后期拓屈;2）左单步周期重心转移阶段腓肠肌表现出与胫骨前肌共激活,蹬冰阶段胫骨前肌表现出与腓肠肌共激活,但激活程度逐渐降低,直至消失。蹬冰期股四头肌和股后肌群表现共激活协调模式,左单步周期协调性更高;3）在实践训练过程中对胫骨前肌、股直肌和臀大肌存在认识不足的问题。

Objective： This paper analyzed the leg muscles＇ EMG features of speed skaters in single-step cycles of the curving skating,discussed the leg muscles＇ movement pattern and coordination model,and found out the possible problems of leg strength training. Methods： The original EMG from second to sixth single-step cycles in the first bend was collected,and it was analyzed by full wave rectification process and the mean data was collected.Conclusions： 1） In right single-step cycle of the holding back leg stage,the folding of thigh and calf may be caused by the effect of action of kicking back,ankle extended at the holding back leg stage and it flexed at the dropping leg stage. In left single-step cycle,ankle extended at the holding back leg stage and the early dropping leg stage,and it flexed at the late dropping leg stage. 2） The left anterior tibial muscle and gastrocnemius are stimulated simultaneously when body gravity was transferred in left single-step circle and in kick phase,but the extent of stimulation in kick phase reduced gradually until it disappeared. The femoral head four muscles and posterior femoral muscles worked in a co-activation coordination model,which in left single-step circle is better than in right one. 3） There is still lack of understanding of anterior tibial muscle,rectus femoris and gluteus maximus.