论个人活动的有目的性与历史发展的无目的性

On the Purposeful Activity of Individuals and the Non-purpose about the Development of History

社会是人的社会，历史是人的历史，从人出发去考察与分析人的社会与历史，将社会历史的发展归结于人的发展，将社会历史的本质归结于人的本质，应该说，这是西方近代以来对社会历史诠释的占主导性的观点或思想的主基调。马克思的历史观对社会历史的考察与分析无疑也是从人出发的，或者说人同样是马克思的历史观的出发点。

Men are both authors and actors in historical drama and it is impossible to analysis history without individuals,the profound reason is that history is generated on the basis of practice of people.Like the cases in most modern thinkers,individual is certainly the starting point for Marx's view of history.However,the distinction is that individuality,which means the 'real individuals' in Marx,is almost abstract in the views of modern bourgeois.And the so-called 'real individuals' is 'their activities and the material conditions under which they live.' It is the real activities and their material living conditions that constitute the profound basis of history.We learn all the activities of individuals by analyzing the activities of history.Can we infer the purposiveness of history from the purposefully individual activity successfully? The purposiveness of history has been admitted by all the views of history,including the idealist.While,through Marxist theory of history,individual activities are purposeful,and the development of social history is aimless or non-purposeful.The development of history is the result of interaction of different forces.The development of history has its own law,just as the law of nature,which is independent of man's will.