美国政党分野、州际差异如何影响美国对华贸易政策？

The Impact of US' Partisan Divergence and Inter-State Difference on Sino-US Trade Policy

美国两党在对华贸易政策上表现出明显的政党分野,总体而言,美国共和党比民主党更具积极性和灵活性,而民主党的贸易保护主义色彩较为明显。同时,由于地理区位、产业结构和华裔人口规模的不同,美国各州之间也呈现出对华贸易政策主张的差异性,并通过代表地方利益的国会议员行使提案和表决权利影响美国对华贸易政策的动向。为深化发展中美经贸关系,中国应重视和加强与美国国会层面的交流与合作,促进与美国各州之间的经贸关系发展,尤其是开拓与美国内陆各州之间的经贸关系,争取更多的来自地方上的友好力量。

There exists significant bipartisan divergence in the US' foreign trade policy,which is also reflected in its trade policy towards China.In general,the Republicans tend to be more active and flexible than the Democrats in terms of trade policy towards China and the Democrats favor trade protectionism relatively.Meanwhile,the trade policy proposition towards China varies across states since different US states have different locations,industrial structures and Chinese-American bases.The state's proposition influences the trend of US' trade policy towards China through the proposal and voting rights exercised by congressmen,who represent local interests.By analyzing trade bills involving China during the term of the 111th Congress,this article verifies the fact that the partisan divergence and state difference have actually influenced US' trade policy towards China.The policy implication of this article is that China should value and strengthen bilateral communication and cooperation with the US congress to deepen Sino-US trade relationship.Also China should foster trade development with various US states,especially expand trade relations with inland states,so as to get more support from local friendly forces in the US.