宋代基层文官的初仕履历——以《武义南宋徐谓礼文书》为中心

The First Official Career of Lower Civil Service in the Song Dynasty:Focusing on The Official Papers about Wuyi Xü Weili of the Southern Song

近年面世的《武义南宋徐谓礼文书》,所收文书完整且清晰,为深入研究宋代文官选任、考课等问题提供了可能。通过选取徐谓礼从入仕到初任满替这一阶段的文书为考察对象,结合传世资料中的记载,可以了解宋代基层文官初仕阶段的经历及官方的相关规定。名臣之子徐谓礼因父荫入仕,越过选人,径为京官,并授监当差遣。其待缺期间的印纸批书,既说明宋代印纸批书与差遣相关联,也说明宋代考课在官员待缺候任期间就已启动。从到任至初任满替阶段,徐谓礼虽乏善可陈,但无功无过,平稳度过初任。这也反映了宋代一般基层文官的生存状态。徐谓礼的个案虽有其特殊性,但亦为了解宋代,特别是南宋晚期基层文官群体的仕进之路提供了借鉴。

Xu Weili was an influential minister＇s son who entered official career without experiencing imperial examinations. Papers in relation to Xu Weili＇s waiting for appointment represent print papers related to appointment, and official examination began even in ones waiting time. From assumption of his official job to completion of his first term Xii Weili was an ordinary official. His performance reveals a general state of lower officialdom. As a case Xu Weili has its particularity, but it provides references to understand the Song dynasty, especially the promotion of lower officials in the late Southern Song dynasty. So the publication of The Official Papers about Wuyi Xii Weili of the Southern Song is useful to deepening research on the civil service of the Song.