赛前急性减体重对少年体校运动员心境状态及应激水平的影响

Effects of Acute Weight Loss on Mood States and the Level of Stress in Adolescent Athletes

采用心境状态量表(POMS)和口渴感等级量表(Thirst rating scale),测量8名少年体校运动员在急性减体重过程中的情绪状态和口渴指数,并通过测试血浆皮质醇和热休克蛋白70浓度等指标反映赛前急性减体重过程中运动员的应激水平。结果发现,与实验开始前1d比较,体重减少2.16%BW时,口渴指数增加3.44倍(P<0.05),血浆Cortisol浓度增加56.17%(P>0.05),HSP70浓度增加33.33%(P>0.05),心境状态各项指标测试值与实验前比较未见显著性变化。当体重减少5.06%BW时,口渴指数增加3.66倍(P<0.05),血浆Cortisol和HSP70浓度与实验前比较分别增加170.86%(P<0.05)和87.18%(P<0.05),消极情绪如紧张、愤怒、疲劳、抑郁和慌乱分别增加76.15%(P<0.05)、31.86%(P<0.05)、64.16%(P<0.05)、12.40%(P>0.05)和9.12%(P>0.05),而积极情绪精力和自尊分别减少35.14%(P<0.05)和10.61%(P>0.05),TMD增加21.57%(P<0.05)。由此初步得出结论,少年体校运动员赛前急性减体重达5%体重以上可增加消极情绪、降低积极情绪,而且机体应激水平显著提高。

Mood was measured with the profile of mood states （POMS） and thirst index was measured with the thirst rating scale,and the concentration of plasma cortisol, HSP70 were measured during acute weight loss in 8 adolescent athletes. The result indicates that comparison with pro-experiment,thirsty in- dex increased 3.44 times（P〈0. 05）, the concentration of plasma cortisol and HSP70 increased 56. 17% （P〉0.05） and 33.33%（P〉0. 05） respectively,after weight loss 2. 16%BW,but no significant change in value of mood state. After weight loss 5. 06%BW, the thirsty index increased 3. 66times（P%0. 05）. The concentration of plasma cortisol and HSP70 increased 170. 86% （P〈0. 05） and 87.18% （P〈0.05） re- spectively. Tension anger fatigue depression and confusion were increased 76. 15 % （P〈0.05）, 31.86% （P〈0.05）, 64. 16 % （P〈0.05）, 12.40 % （P〉0.05） and 9.12 % （P〉0. 05 ） respectively. But vigor and self-esteem were decreased 35.14% （P〈0. 05） and 10. 61% （P〉0. 05） respectively. TM1） increased 21.57% （P〈0. 05）. The correlation coefficient between tension anger fatigue vigor and thirst index were 0.67（P〈0. 05） ,0.55（P〈0.05） ,0.87 （P〈0.05）, -0. 79 （P〈0.05） respectively. Therefore, negative emotions increase after medium and serious dehydration in adolescent athletes, the positive emotions re duced. The stress levels increased significantly.