高等教育入学机会获得的城乡差异分析——基于1982-2010年我国16所高校的实证调查

Analysis on the Difference of Access to Higher Education between Urban and Rural Areas:Based on the Survey in 16 Universities from 1982 to 2010 in China

对我国16所高校的实证研究结果显示,近30年来我国城乡子女在高等教育入学机会数量方面的差异一直在缩小,到2010年时差异已基本消失。就入学机会的质量而言,重点高校中城乡子女间的入学机会差异是先扩大后缩小;而普通本科和专科院校中的入学机会差异一直呈现出缩小的态势。今后政府应采取各种措施努力提高农村基础教育的质量,增加农村子女入读重点高中的机会,同时提升普通本科和专科院校尤其是高等职业院校的办学质量。唯有如此,才可以提高城乡子女在高等教育入学机会质量方面的均等化程度。

In the recent 30 years, the empirical research results based on the survey in 16 universities show that the difference of access to higher education between urban and rural children is narrowing in terms of quantity and till the year 2010, this difference has almost disappeared eventually. As far as the quality of the chance of admission is concerned, the difference of access to key universities enlarges at first and then narrows, while this difference has been persistently narrowing in other general four-year universities and two/three-year colleges. In the future, the government is supposed to make various efforts to improve the quality of elementary education in rural areas, provide more opportunities for rural children to get admitted to key high schools, and improve the quality of general four-year universities and two/three-year colleges, especially the higher vocational colleges so as to further increase the degree of equalization of the quality of access to higher education between urban and rural children.