蒋介石与政学系

Chiang Kai-shek and the Political Science Clique

政学系是蒋介石统治时期所依靠的一支重要力量,但其成员结构始终众说纷纭;而人们对政学系的诸多观察,更多的是源于其政治对手的言说。因此,考察其组织轮廓,往往需要勾勒出国民党各派系之间的人物谱系。政学系初期,党内各派因反对杨永泰个人,而将其周围的一群朋友冠以"政学系"之名。如果说此时的杨永泰还有伐异之举,稍符派系之说,后期则无人能担此任。杨永泰死前10个月形成的中央政府新内阁,是所谓政学系的成熟期。他们的核心人物是黄郛,大都是有欧美留学背景的教育、金融界专业人士,有一定的治国能力,与杨永泰并无多少交集。由于这批行政官僚无派无系、位居高位且由学而仕,符合政学系的人物描述,故旁人多以政学系视之,而这些人也多因同声相求,愿与其他被视作政学系之人相往来,两种过程,交错为用,共成政学系之名。政学系不仅满足了蒋介石政权建设的需要,也改变了国民党"一党专政"的权力结构。

The Political Science Clique was an important force on which Chiang Kai-shek relied during his rule,but opinions about the structure of its membership vary. Most of our observations of the Clique come from the statements of its political opponents. Therefore,if we want to explore the contours of its organization,we often need to outline connections among the individuals,factions,and cliques within the Guomindang. The Political Science Clique began when various factions within the Guomindang opposed Yang Yongtai and started calling him and a number of his friends"the Political Science Clique. "If Yang Yongtai in this period indeed took some measures to attack those who disagreed with him,or slightly accorded with the faction's pronouncements,in the later period nobody could take on this role. The new Cabinet of the central government,formed 10 months before the death of Yang Yongtai,coincided with the so-called maturation period of the Political Science Clique. At this time,the faction's central character was Huang Fu,and most of the other members were professionals in educational and financial circles who had studied in Europe and America. They had some skills in governance,but they had few connections with Yang Yongtai. Because these former scholars were nonpartisan, administrative officials in high positions,they fit the description of members of the Political Science Clique,so many actually regarded them as theClique. Since these people shared similar political goals,they were willing to engage with each other using their identity as members of the Political Science Clique. The interactions of these two processes formed the Political Science Clique. The Clique not only satisfied Chiang Kai-shek's need to consolidate political power,it also changed the power structure of the Guomindang's "one-party dictatorship. "