论不公平条款制度——兼论我国显失公平制度之于格式条款

Unfair Contract Terms

为防止格式条款阻却正义、伤害社会,德国和欧盟法确立了不公平条款制度,通过对违背诚信原则、导致合同权利义务严重失衡的格式条款的否定来控制格式条款的内容,保护弱势合同当事人。我国应当借鉴德国和欧盟法,在格式条款制度之下建构不公平条款制度,而不应将其整合到现行颇具争议的显失公平制度之中。我国不公平条款制度除了建立公平性审查的一般规则外,亦应当建立不公平条款"黑名单"与"灰名单"以及公平性审查之"豁免"规则,为法官、当事人、行政机关和相关社会团体提供法律指引,为格式条款自律、行政监督、公益诉讼和司法审查提供制度支撑。

To prevent standard contract terms negates justice and harm social, Germany and EU private law established unfair contract terms system, which control the content of the standard contract terms and protect the weaker party by decla ration invalidity of the unfair contract terms if it causes a significantly imbalance in the parties＇ fights and obligations under the contract, contrary to good faith. China should learn from German and EU, and constructs the unfair contract terms sys tem and it should not be integrated into the existing substantive unconscionability. The unfair terms system should not only construct the general rule, but also the blacklist and gray list of the fair test, and the exclusions rules from unfairness test. It should provide legal guidance for the contract parties, administrative bodies and relevant social organizations, and provide system support to the self discipline, administrative supervision, public interest litigation and judicial review on standard contract.