仪器设备安放姿态对二级碎片毁伤指标的影响

Effects of Mounting Pose of Apparatus on Damage Index of Secondary Debris

借助碎片云粒子对靶板的毁伤程度与粒子的速度成正比,与靶板的厚度成反比的理论和实验结果,提出一种用于评价航天器内部电子仪器设备遭受二次碎片粒子撞击毁伤程度的毁伤指标.针对六面体外壳的仪器设备,提出两种在航天器内部的安放姿态.通过计算这两种姿态毁伤指标的最大值,并与两个面与航天器速度垂直的安放姿态毁伤指标的最大值进行了比较,得到了当碎片粒子速度不超过航天器速度2倍时两种安放姿态毁伤指标至少分别降低9.76%和14.09%的结论.采用这两种安放姿态,既不改变仪器设备的设计,也不增加重量和体积,就能达到增强仪器设备防护性能的目的,对提高航天器在碎片环境中的生存能力具有重要意义.

Based on the theoretic and experimental results that the damage degree of target by the debris cloud particle is in direct proportion to the particle velocity and is in inverse proportion to the thickness of the target, a damage index is presented to estimate the damage degree of electronic apparatus inside spacecraft by the secondary debris particle. For the apparatus with hexahedron crust, two mounting poses are put forward. By computing maximum of the damage index of the two mounting pose; and comparing them with that of the usual mounting pose in which there are two sides of the crust intersecting the direction of spacecraft velocity at right angles, a conclusion is educed that the damage indexes of the two mounting poses reduce at least 9.76% and 14.09% respectively if the velocity of debris cloud particle does not exceed the double of spacecraft velocity. Without change of the apparatus design, without increase of weight and volume, the protective performance of the apparatus can be reinforced at any of the two mounting pose given in this paper, which has great significance to enhance survivability of the spacecraft in space debris circumstance.