新疆艾比湖流域平原区不同生境中小型土壤动物群落特征

The community structure of soil meso- and micro- fauna at different habitats in plain area of Ebinur lake,Xinjiang

为了解艾比湖流域平原区不同生境中小型土壤动物群落特征及其变化动态,2012年4月、7月、9月和11月中旬分别对该流域的灌木林、盐碱地、草地、自然林、果园、防护林及耕地等7种不同生境中小型土壤动物群落特征进行了取样调查。结果表明：共获得中小型土壤动物18971只,分别属于3门、12纲、29目（30类）;其中甲螨亚目、弹尾目和垫刃目为优势类群,占总个体数的72.1%;中气门亚目、蛭态目、前气门亚目、茅线目、鞘翅目幼虫、膜翅目和线蚓目等7类为常见类群,占总个体数的19.9%。其余的20类为稀有类群,占总数的8.0%。在7种不同生境中小型土壤动物类群和个体数之间存在明显的差异（p〈0.05）,其个体数水平分布依次为防护林〉耕地〉草地〉灌木林〉果园〉自然林〉盐碱地,而类群数顺序为防护林〉草地〉耕地〉果园〉灌木林〉自然林〉盐碱地。在垂直分布表现为明显的表聚性特征,即从地表向下,随着深度的加深其类群和个体数量逐渐减少,并各层间具有显著性差异（p〈0.01）,即0-5 cm〉5-10 cm〉10-15 cm〉15-20cm。个体数的季节动态变化依次为秋季最多,其次为春季和冬季,而夏季最少。

To understand the community structure of the soil meso- and micro- fauna at different habitat types in the plain area of Ebinur lake,Xinjiang,an investigation was conducted on the soil meso- and micro- fauna by used the community indices in the shrubland,grassland,natural forest,shelter forest,garden,farmland,and saline- alkali land,in April,July,September and November in 2012. The results showed that a total of 18,971individuals of soil meso- and micro- fauna were collected,belonging to 3 phyla,12 classes,and 29 orders（ 30groups）,respectively. Among which the Oribatida,Collembola,and Tylenchida are the dominant groups,and they are accounted for 72. 1% of the total samples,and Mesostigmata,Bdelloidea,Prostigmata,Dorylaimida,Coleoptera larvae,Hymenoptera,and Astigmata are common groups,and they are accounted for 19. 9% of the total collections,and the other 20 groups are belonged to the rare groups and they are only accounted for 8. 0%of the total individuals. The results also indicated that there are significant differences among the different habitats both of the individuals and group number of soil meso- and micro- fauna（ p 〈0. 05）,the sequences of horizontal distribution of the individuals of soil meso- and micro- fauna are shelter forest〉 farmland 〉grassland 〉shrubland 〉orchard〉 natural forest 〉saline- alkali land; The sequences of group number of soil meso-and micro- fauna are shelter forest〉 grassland 〉farmland 〉orchard 〉shrubland 〉natural forest 〉saline- alkali land; The vertical distribution both of the individual densities and group numbers are mainly lived in the layer of 0 - 5 cm in the soil profile,and decrease obviously with increasing soil depth,0 - 5cm 〉5 - 10cm 〉10- 15cm 〉15 - 20cm. The sequences of seasonal dynamics of individual numbers of the soil meso- and micro- fauna are Autumn Spring Winter Summer.