采煤沉陷干扰下土壤理化性质的演变——以大柳塔矿采区为例

Effects of mining subsidence on physical and chemical properties of soil in the subsided land of the Daliuta Mining Area

为了解采煤沉陷影响下土壤理化性质的变化规律,及不同土壤基质对采煤沉陷的反应,在神木县大柳塔矿采区,分别对五个年份的6个沉陷区及其对照区进行土壤理化指标进行了测定并分析。结果表明:随沉陷年限的增加,土壤容重减小,随土层深度的增加沉陷区与对照区容重变化基本一致。土壤粘粒含量随沉陷年限的增加而增加,随土层深度的增加呈由大到小的趋势,土壤砂粒含量变化与之相反。土壤pH值随沉陷年限的增加而降低;有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾含量随沉陷年限的增加而增大;全钾在沉陷1年后显著增大,与有机质、全氮、全磷变化趋势不一致。相对于硬梁地,采煤沉陷对沙地影响较大。沉陷16年的沙地土壤理化性质与对照区基本趋于一致。

In order to know more about the effects of mining subsidence on physical and chemical properties of soil,and the reaction of the effects of different soil substrates to mining subsidence,the soil physical and chemical properties in 6 subsided areas and control areas of five different years were measured. The result shows： Soil bulk density in subsidence area was decreased with the subsidence years increase and the change basically kept in the same pace with control areas. Soil clay content increased with the increase in subsidence years,and declined with the increase in soil depth; however,the change in soil sand content was on the contrary; the soil pH value reduced with the increase in subsidence life; the content of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium went up with the rise in subsidence life; total potassium increased significantly one year after subsidence,inconsistent with the variation trend of organic matter,total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The impact of coal mining subsidence on the sand was greater than the hard ridge area. 16 years of subsidence sandy soil physicochemical properties basically kept in the same pace with control areas.