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对心脏早期后除极电生理基础的综合认识

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摘要 心肌细胞早期后除极(EADs)是继发于动作电位除极相之后的膜电位震荡活动,是一种非线性动力学现象,具有霍普夫分岔(Hopf bifurcation)和吸引域(basin of attraction)特点。定量电生理研究发现若平台期准平衡电位不稳定,则经霍普夫分岔点之后可产生螺旋波和EADs。复极化电流与膜电位状态相匹配,进入膜电位震荡吸引域范围是EADs发生的重要条件。L型Ca电流(ICa.L)的三种动态特性:电压依赖性激活和失活成分、Ca窗电流及较高膜电位状态未完全失活成分,是EADs形成的重要电流。晚Na电流失活缓慢,与ICa.L的窗电流相似,参与EADs的形成。延迟整流K电流(IKs和IKr)是复极化重要的外向电流,阻断IKs和IKr可明显延长APD,但需有适度的瞬时外向K电流参与,否则复极早期缓慢致膜电位过高,不能进入膜电位震荡的吸引域范围,则不能诱发EADs。内向整流K电流减小和Na+-Ca2+交换体电流增大均参与EADs的形成。计算机仿真和实验研究证实EADs的不规律活动具有动力学混沌特性,动作电位混沌活动的局部区域趋于同步化,呈动作电位异质性分布的岛,并向周围没有发生EADs、完全复极的区域扩布,形成了时间和空间上不断动态变换的多个异位兴奋灶,引起局部传导阻滞和功能性折返激动,是引起多形性室性心动过速或心室颤动的重要机制。
作者 苟玮 杨琳
出处 《中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志》 2014年第5期379-383,共5页 Chinese Journal of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology
基金 国家自然科学基金资助项目(NO.30971221 81271661 81370289)
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