动词虚化与对外汉语教学

Grammaticalization of Verbs and Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language

现代汉语的很多介词和相当一部分结果补语、趋向补语是由动词虚化而来的。虚化在认知上是有理据的。动词虚化为介词主要有类变和句法功能扩大两种情况。动结式、动趋式中后项动词 (准词缀 )的虚化主要表现为语义上由具体到抽象、适用范围扩大的泛化。虚化与学习者的习得顺序有关。

Many prepositions and large quantities of complements of results and direction in modern Chinese results from the grammaticalization of verbs. Grammaticalization has its cognitive grounds. The grammaticalization of the latter verb (para-affix) in 'verb + complement' and 'verb + direction' is displayed in semantic generalization from concreteness to abstractness and the generalization of the enlarged scope of their use. Grammaticalization has relation to the acquisition order of learners. Some specific views and methods are raised on how to use these research results of grammaticalization in Chinese textbook compilation and classroom teaching.