潮州歌册的女性口述访谈研究及传承思考

Oral Interviews of Women about Chaozhou Gece and Its Inheritance

潮州歌册是曾经流行于潮汕地区的一种传统曲艺,女性与歌册之间有着天然的联系,她们是歌册传承的主体,与歌册的兴衰发展密切相连。从口述访谈材料来看,女性在婚前和婚后、青年和中老年时期传唱歌册的情况有着明显的不同。婚前,女性只有单一的女儿的身份角色,家庭负担较轻,空闲较多,是唱歌册最频繁、最痴迷的时期。婚后,女性多重的身份角色集之一身,妻子、媳妇、母亲,负担繁重,忙于生儿育女、操持家务,没有闲暇,是唱歌册的低落时期。中老年时期,儿女长大成人,家务减少,又有了空闲唱歌册。但因时代的变迁、观念的改变等原因,歌册赖以生存的人群和传唱的空间逐渐缩小,这一民间传统说唱艺术已濒临危亡。

Chaozhou Gece are a kind of traditional folk art, and were traditionally popular in Chaoshan area. As a feminized folk artistic form, it expresses a distinctly female element of Chaozhou ethos and culture. There is a natural link between Chaozhou women and Gece. As seen from the oral interviews, marital status and age determine women's performance in the inheritance of Gece. Before marriage, as simply a daughter unburdened with family responsibilities, they have time to sing Gece. That is the period they are most fascinated with it. After marriage, with multiple roles as wife, daughter-in-law and mother, women are busy raising children and doing housework, and consequently are distanced from Gece. Then in their middle and old age, they have free time to pick it up again because their children have grown up and the housework is reduced. But with the changes of time and popular interest, the people and the space that Gece rely upon for survival have been steadily diminished. This traditional folk art is now on the verge of extinction.