广东农户生计模式及面临的困境与对策——基于广东省龙门县农户生计的调查

Guangdong Farmers' Livelihood Mode, Their Difficulties and Countermeasures

依据可持续生计分析框架对广东省龙门县农户生计进行调查研究,发现贫、富、中三类农户收入差距,首先来源于其所拥有或支配的生计资本,富裕户拥有或支配的自然资源数量远多于贫困户,且三类农户之间生计资本重要性的顺序不同,对贫困户而言社会资本最为重要。自给性农业及外出打工是不同类型农户的生计模式中共同的组成部分;其次来源于种植果树与林木的数量及商业化经营活动,富裕户多从事规模化种植或小型加工等商业化经营活动。农户生计活动陷入农业生产成本上升、黄龙病威胁柑橘主导产业发展等困境,生计的可持续性受到不同程度的威胁。保持农户生计的可持续既需要提升农户生计资本,也需要寻找、推广环境友好型替代生计模式。

Based on the analysis framework of sustainable livelihood, investigation into farmers' livelihood in Longmen county,Guangdong province, finds that the cause of the income gap between the rich, poor and middle farmer households is livelihood capital.The rich households own much more natural resources than the poor ones, and different livelihood capitals plays different roles for different households. For the poor social capital is the most important. And for all of them subsistence agriculture and migrant workers constitute a part of livelihood. The second cause of their income gap is their number of fruit trees, forest and commercial activities. The rich are mostly engaged in business activities like large-scale cultivation and small processing. The rising cost of agricultural production and the Citrus yellow shoot disease threaten the sustainability of their livelihood. To ensure the sustainable livelihood of farmers we need increase their livelihood capital, and find an environmentally friendly alternative livelihood model.