感恩和负债感的概念界定、理论区分和实证支持

Gratitude and Indebtedness: Concept Definition,Theoretical Differences and Empirical Supports

感恩是人们在接受某种有价值的恩惠时或者感知非人际资源时产生的一种即时性的积极情绪体验;负债感是接受恩惠时产生的伴随偿还义务的一种觉醒和焦虑的消极情绪状态。感恩和负债感都是对接受恩惠的情绪回应,但在情绪效价、存在范围以及所导致的行为倾向方面不同。施恩者的动机、恩惠的价值以及受恩者的自我意识和动机系统会导致受恩者感恩和负债感情绪体验差异性。未来研究应该进一步探索影响受恩者情绪体验差异性的其他潜在因素。

Gratitude is an immediate positive emotion when people receive favors or feel impersonal resources. Indebtedness is defined as a feeling that one ought to repay a benefactor for favors associated with arousal and anxiety. Gratitude and indebtedness are emotional responses to a favor,but they are different in emotional valence,existence range and behavioral tendency. Beneficiary＇s emotion to a favor is affected by benefactor＇s motivation,favor＇value,beneficiary＇s self-consciousness and motivation system. Future studies should further explore the other potential factors influencing emotional responses to a favor.