三峡建坝后四川省血吸虫病流行变化及其对三峡库区的影响

Changes of schistosomiasis endemic situation in Sichuan Province and impact on schistosomiasis transmission in Three Gorges Reservoir area after construction of Three Gorges Reservoir

目的分析三峡建坝后库区上游的四川省血吸虫病流行区的疫情变化及其对三峡库区血吸虫病的传播影响。方法收集分析2000-2012年四川省血吸虫病疫情年报、2001-2012年血吸虫病监测点资料、2001年四川省血吸虫病流行病学抽样调查数据及三峡相关课题研究数据等文献资料,调查人群、家畜和钉螺的情况。选择距离库区最近的简阳市五指乡前进村开展钉螺现场调查。结果 2000-2012年四川省血吸虫病流行区疫情呈持续下降态势,全省于2008年达到血吸虫病传播控制。截止2012年,65.07%的流行县已达到传播阻断标准,当年全省实有钉螺面积为2415.80hm2,比2000年减少了60.64%,自2006年起未查见感染性钉螺。在简阳市五指乡前进村查螺246框,调查面积17.14 hm2,未查见钉螺。结论三峡建坝后,四川省血吸虫病流行区范围和有螺面积已明显缩小,上游流行区疫情向库区扩散的可能性极小。

Objective To understand the changes of schistosomiasis endemic situation in Sichuan Province,the upstream of Yangtze River basin,and the impact on schistosomiasis transmission in Three Gorges Reservoir area after the construction of Three Gorges Reservoir. Methods The annual reports of the schistosomiasis endemic situation in Sichuan Province from 2000-2012,the data of the schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Sichuan Province from 2001-2012,the data of the schistosomiasis sampling survey in Sichuan Province in 2001,and the relevant reference of Three Gorges Reservoir were collected. The schistosomiasis prevalence in human and cattle,and Oncomelania hupensis snail status were investigated. The snail survey was implemented in Qianjin Village,Jianyang City,Sichuan Province,the nearest village to Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Results The schistosomiasis endemic situation presented a continuous declining state in Sichuan Province from 2000-2012,and reached the criteria of schistosomiasis transmission controlled in 2008. From 2012,65.07% of endemic counties reached the criteria of schistosomiasis transmission interrupted. From 2006,no schistosome infected snails were found. In Qianjin Village,1714 m2 environments were surveyed and no snails were found. Conclusions The schistosomiasis endemic area and snail area are significantly reduced in Sichuan Province,the upstream of Yangtze River basin,after the construction of Three Gorges Reservoir. Therefore,the possibility of schistosomiasis endemic diffusing to Three Gorges Reservoir area is minimum.