新一代舰船用钢制备技术的现状与发展展望

State of the Art Development of the Manufacturing Technologies of New Generation War Ship Steels

综述了美国舰船用钢的发展历程,总结了其成分体系、工艺技术及典型应用,分析了新一代舰船用钢的发展趋势。介绍了我国舰船用钢的主要发展历程,指出了我国舰船用钢与国际先进水平的主要差距。对于新一代极低碳复合析出强化型高强韧钢进行了探索性研究。结果发现,采用极低碳成分并结合控制轧制工艺技术,可以获得强度和韧性的良好匹配。对实验钢的显微组织和析出相进行了检测分析,对强韧化机制进行了初步的阐述。最后,概述了我国高强韧钢生产的关键技术及装备基础。我国自主开发的新一代TMCP工艺技术和装备已达到国际先进水平,表明我国新一代舰船用钢由"跟踪"向"自主研发"转变已经具备了坚实的装备和工艺基础。

In the present paper, the development history of war ship steels in the United States, including their composi- tion system, processing routes and typical applications, was summarized. The development trend of new generation war ship steels was pointed out. The development history of war ship steels in China was also introduced, and the gap in war ship steels between our country and world lever was analyzed. In addition, prototype steel plate with extremely low carbon content was fabricated at laboratory scale. By applying controlled rolling and heat treatment, the optimized combination of high strength and high toughness has been obtained. The mechanisms of strengthening and toughening for the experimental steel was elucidated by EBSD and TEM, which indicates that precipitation hardening by nano-composite precipitates plays the main role in strengthening this steel. Finally, the key processing routes and equipment developed in China for manu- facturing steels with high strength and toughness were outlined. It can be clearly seen that both new generation TMCP tech- nologies and the equipment for on-line cooling and off-line heat treatment developed in China have already reached the in- ternational level, which has laid solid foundation for developing new generation war ship steels of our own.