宁夏干旱区油葵耗水规律及灌溉制度优化研究

Sunflower Water Consumption and Irrigation Schedule Optimization in Arid Regions of Ningxia

在田间试验基础上,分析了不同生育阶段在不同水分处理下对油葵生长生理指标、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,油葵生育期内各处理总灌水量在150~375mm时,均无深层渗漏产生;现蕾期是油葵的关键需水期,可供水分较少时,在油葵关键需水期（现蕾期）灌溉可基本满足油葵生长所需;平水年宁夏干旱区油葵畦灌的优化灌溉制度是生育期2~3次灌水,灌水生育期为苗期、现蕾期和开花期,灌水定额为75mm,灌溉定额为150~227mm。与传统相比,该灌溉定额可在保证产量的情况下,降低ET约32.3%以上,并提高水分利用效率27.5%。

Based on field experiment, the influence of different growth stages under different water treatments on physiological indica- tors of oil sunflower growth, yield and water use efficiency was analyzed. The results showed that when the total amount of each ir rigation treatment in the oil sunflower growing period was 150-375 mm, no deep percolation occurred; the squaring period was the critical water demand period of sunflower; if less water was available, irrigation in the key sunflower water demand period could ba- sically meet the need for the growth of sunflower; the optimal irrigation schedule for sunflower border irrigation in arid regions of Ningxia was that in normal year, the irrigation times in growth period is 2 to 3, the irrigation periods were seedling growth, budding and flowering period, the irrigation quota for single irrigation was 75 mm, the irrigation quota for the whole growth period was 150 -227 mm. Compared with traditional irrigation schedule, the irrigation quota could decrease the lower ET about 32. 3% and improve water use efficiency by 27.5 % with the guaranteed yield.