基于贡献原则的幼儿分配公平性

Distributive Justice of Young Children Based on the Principle of Equity

分配公平性是指个体如何以公平的方式对资源进行分配,其主要依据3个原则:贡献(equity)、平等(equality)和需要(need)。最新研究表明,幼儿很早就已经具有基于贡献原则的分配公平性判断与行为,双加工理论对于该研究结果能够给出更为适当的解释,心理理论与情境卷入水平分别从认知和情绪方面对幼儿分配公平性的发展有着重要影响。未来研究应注重研究内容的具体化,对幼儿基于贡献原则的分配公平性发展特点、相关影响因素及其内部动机进行深入探究。

Distributive justice concerns how individuals distribute resources in a fair manner, including three main principles： equity, equality and need. Firstly, we review the concepts and principles of distributive justice based on the equity principle. Secondly, the paper examines the characteristics of distributive justice judgment and behavior on young children, with conclusion that young children could perform distributive justice judgment and behavior. Then the paper examines the factor influencing the development of children’s distributive justice including theory of mind and situational involvement level from two key aspects of cognitive and emotional processing. Finally, the paper calls for future research to focus on the specific content, exploring the developmental characteristics, influencing factors and internal mechanism of young children＇s distributive justice based on the principle of equity.