2013年医院感染现患率调查分析

Prevalence rate of nosocomial infections in 2013

目的了解医院感染现患率,分析医院感染危险因素,完善医院感染预防控制措施,降低医院感染。方法采用横断面调查的方法,对2013年10月23日住院患者进行调查与统计分析。结果调查住院患者1 276例,发现医院感染39例,医院感染现患率为3.06%;医院感染前3位的科室依次为烧伤病房16.67%、儿科病房15.39%、神经外科病房9.26%;医院感染部位前3位依次为下呼吸道、皮肤软组织、外科表浅切口,分别占34.04%、12.77%、10.64%;检出病原菌前3位依次为肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、鲍氏不动杆菌,分别占23.53%、17.65%、17.65%;抗菌药物使用率为32.92%,治疗性使用抗药物病原学送检率为41.82%。结论加强医院感染部位及抗菌药物使用管理,减少侵入性操作是控制医院感染的重要措施。

OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections , analyze the risk factors for nosocomial infections , and put forward the prevention measures so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections .METHODS By means of the cross-sectional survey ,the patients who were hospitalized on Oct 23 ,2013 were investigated and statistically analyzed .RESULTS Of 1 276 hospitalized patients investigated ,the nosocomial infections occurred in 39 cases with the prevalence rate of 3 .06% . The departments with the prevalence rate ranking the top three were as follows ：the burn ward （16 .67% ） ,the pediatric ward （15 .39% ） ,the neurosurgery ward （9 .26% ） .The lower respiratory tract ,skin and soft tissue ,and surgical superficial incision ranked the top three nosocomial infection sites ,accounting for 34 .04% ,12 .77% ,and 10 .64% ,respectively .The K lebsiella pneumoniae ,Escherichia coli ,and Acinetobacter baumannii were the three most common species of pathogens isolated ,accounting for 23 .53% ,17 .65% ,and 17 .65% ,respectively .The utilization rate of antibiotics was 32 .92% ,and the etiological submission rate of therapeutic use of antibiotics was 41 .82% .CONCLUSION It is an effective way to strengthen the management of the nosocomial infection sites and the use of antibiotics and reduce the invasive operations so as to control the nosocomial infections .