NICU新生儿医院感染原因分析

Causes of nosocomial infections in neonates of NICU

目的分析新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)医院感染的原因,观察对其进行护理干预的效果。方法选取2011年12月-2012年12月NICU新生儿478例,将其随机均分为两组,各239例;试验组新生儿接受护理干预,对照组仅接受普通护理,回顾性分析两组儿童的各项状况及感染原因。结果 NICU478例新生儿中共有38例发生医院感染,感染率7.95%;其中试验组新生儿有12例感染,感染率为5.02%,对照组新生儿有26例感染,感染率10.88%,试验组新生儿感染率明显低于对照组;主要感染病原菌为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和酿脓链球菌等,分别占25.49%、17.65%、16.67%;发生医院感染原因主要为新生儿自身因素、医护人员操作、环境影响以及药物使用不当。结论 NICU医院感染原因较多,适当的护理干预措施可以有效降低感染率。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the causes of nosocomial infections in neonates of neonatal intensive care units （NICUs） and observe the effects of nursing interventions .METHODS A total 478 neonates who were treated in the NICUs from Dec 2011 to Dec 2012 were recruited in the study and randomly divided into two groups ,with 239 ca-ses in each ;the neonates in the experimental group received the nursing interventions ,while the neonates in the control group only received the common nursing ;the incidence of nosocomial infections and the causes of infections in the two groups of children were retrospectively analyzed .RESULTS The nosocomial infections occurred in 38 of 478 neonates in the NICUs with the infection rate of 7 .95% ,including 12 （5 .02% ） neonates in the experimental group and 26 （10 .88% ） neonates in the control group ,the incidence of infections in the neonates was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group .The Escherichia coli ,Klebsiella pneumoniae ,and Streptococcus pyogenes were the major species of pathogens causing infections ,accounting for 25 .49% ,17 .65% , and 16 .67% ,respectively .The self condition of the neonates ,operation of the health care workers ,influence of environment ,and abuse of drugs are the leading causes of nosocomial infections .CONCLUSION There are a variety of influencing factors for the nosocomial infections in the NICUs ,and appropriate nursing interventions may con-tribute to the reduction of incidence of infections .