夏季干旱期间贵州农业气候资源优劣分析

Analysis of Advantages and Disadvantages of Agricultural Climate Resources During Summer Drought in Guizhou

为定量评估夏季干旱期间光照、热量和水分农业气候资源对粮食作物的客观影响,采取粮食光温生产潜力、光温水生产潜力评估方法,对比分析夏季干旱期间粮食生产潜力相对于气候平均状态的偏差,客观定量地分析夏季干旱期间贵州农业气候资源优势和劣势。研究表明：夏季干旱背景下,贵州水稻、玉米光温生产潜力相对于正常气候年份普遍偏高10%左右,光照和热量资源优势明显;而水稻、玉米光温水生产潜力却普遍偏低30%~40%,水分资源劣势限制了作物生长。通过水资源的合理开发和高效利用,满足干旱期间农作物的水分需求,良好的光照和热量条件可更加有利于农业生产。

In order to evaluate the influence of agricultural climate resources, including light, heat and moisture, on grain crops during the summer drought, the author adopted the evaluation method of the photo- temperature potential and the photo-temperature-water potential of grain, comparatively analyzed potential deviations of climate mean state to the grain production during summer drought, objectively and quantitatively analyzed advantages and disadvantages of agricultural climate resources during summer drought in Guizhou. The results showed that： the photo-temperature potential of rice and corn during summer drought compared with the normal climatic year was generally higher of 10%, light and heat resources had obvious advantages; but the photo-temperature-water potential of rice and corn during summer drought compared with the normal climatic year generally was lower of 30%-40%, water resource disadvantages limited crop growth. Through the rational development and efficient use of water resources to meet the crops demand of water during summer drought, good light and heat conditions were more conducive to agricultural production.