四川农村户用沼气温室气体减排量估算与能源环境效益分析

GHG Emission Reducition Estimation and Energy Environmental Benefits Analysis of Rural Household Biogas Project in Sichuan Province

为研究中国西部农村贫困地区推广使用户用沼气产生的温室气体（GHG）减排量和能源与环境效益,以四川省凉山州农村中低收入家庭户用沼气项目为例,利用联合国清洁发展机制（CDM）方法学AMS-III.R和AMS-I.C估算其GHG减排量,并对其能源与环境效益进行分析。项目涉及14个县的35656农户,研究结果显示,户均GHG减排量在1.8~2.5 t CO2e范围内,整个项目35656口户用沼气池共带来GHG年减排量约为72898.2tCO2e。同时,每年直接节省约2.16万t原煤使用与648万元原煤购买费用,直接年产出约1978万m3沼气清洁能源,直接减少SO2排放约288440 kg、减少NOx排放约31320 kg、减少烟尘排放约15120 kg。研究表明,农村户用沼气的使用,一方面,既能减少目前生猪粪便管理方式造成的CH4排放,又能充分利用农村沼气清洁能源,减少因煤炭使用而产生的CO2排放;另一方面,又能带来可观的能源与环境效益。此外,依据CDM方法学估算农村户用沼气项目GHG减排量,能为中国农业领域温室气体排放的监测、报告、验证（MRV）提供量化依据和借鉴。

In order to study greenhouse gas （GHG） emission reductions and their energy environmental benefits generated by the use of rural household biogas in the impoverished rural areas in China, rural low-income household biogas project of Liang Shan Prefecture in Sichuan Province was researched, which involved 35656 households biogas digesters from 14 counties. GHG emission reduction of rural household biogas project was estimated by using methodologies of AMS-III.R and AMS-I.C of clean development mechanism （CDM）, and its energy environmental benefits were analyzed. Results showed that with the use of rural household biogas digester, it could reduce GHG emission range from 1.8 t CO2 e to 2.5 t CO2 e for each household, and 72898.2 t CO2 e for the overall project annually. Meanwhile, it could bring direct savings of about 21600 t rawcoal and about 6.48 million yuan coal purchase costs annually, direct output of about 19,780,000 m3 biogas clean energy annually, direct reduction of SO2 emissions about 288440 kg, NOx emissions about 31320 kg, soot emissions about 15120 kg annually. It indicated that with the promotion of rural household biogas project, on the one hand, it could realize CH4 emission reduction from the pigs manure management practices and CO2 emission reduction from the use of renewable energy of biogas instead of raw coal; on the other hand, it could generate considerable energy and environmental benefits. In addition, using CDM methodologies to estimate GHG emission reduction can provide a quantitative basis and reference for monitoring, reporting, verification （MRV） of the GHG emissions of the agricultural sector.