不同耕作方式对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响

Effects of Different Cultivation Methods on the Soil Physical Properties and Yield of Maize

为寻求最佳耕作方式、提高玉米品种产量提供理论依据,采用随机区组设计,研究6种不同耕作方式对土壤物理性状和玉米产量的影响。不同耕作方式对不同生育时期0-45 cm土壤的含水量、容重、孔隙度影响各不同,在不同耕作方式中以深松25-35 cm效果最为明显;深松处理的玉米穗长、穗粗、秃尖长、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重等产量构成因素均较对照有不同程度的改善;深松处理比对照玉米增产0.06%-3.13%,但是增产幅度不是很明显。深松处理可以提高土壤含水量,降低容重,增加孔隙度,起到蓄水保墒作用。以深松25-35 cm为最优组合。

The purpose of this experiment was to identify the best cultivation method of maize and provide references for enhancing yield of maize cultivars. To study the effects of different tillage methods on soil physical properties and yield with different growing stages, a field experiment was conducted with randomized block design. The effects of different tillage methods on soil moisture content, bulk density, porosity in 0-45 cm soil depth varied with different growing stages. Among all the 6 tillage methods, the effect of 25-35 cm subsoiling depth on those physical properties mentioned above was the most obvious. In addition, after the subsoiling treatment, maize yield components, such as corn ear length, ear diameter, barren-tip length, number of rows per ear, kernels per row and 100-grain weight were improved at different degrees compared with CK. The maize yield with subsoiling treatment was 0.06%-3.13% higher than CK, but not significantly. Subsoiling could increase soil moisture, decrease soil bulk density, increase the porosity, function as water conservation and increase maize yield. Among them, the combination of 35 cm subsoiling depth and rotary tillage was the most ootimal.