抗虫棉多茎株型栽培技术研究

Cultivation Techniques of Multi-stem Insect-resistant Cotton

为探讨棉花高产简化栽培新途径,通过十年连续田间试验,对棉花株型调控技术、不同株型不同部位及叶枝的成铃质量、多茎株型适宜的种植密度及品种适应性进行了研究。结果表明：利用叶枝塑造的株型为多茎倒伞型,其株型调控技术是留叶枝早摘心,主茎12台果枝打顶、叶枝7月5日（初花期）摘心处理籽棉产量最高,较其他处理增产9.0%-10.9%;叶枝成铃单铃重高于多茎株型及常规株型下部1-4台果枝结铃单铃重,纤维品质无明显差异;多茎株型栽培适宜的密度适应范围是3.3万株/hm2-5.1万株/hm2;多茎株型品种适应性广,叶枝发达的杂交棉品种增产潜力更大。多茎株型栽培高产简化技术关键是：扩行距、适密度、留叶枝、早摘心。

In order to investigate new simplified techniques to cultivate high yield cotton plant, the control technique of plant frame of cotton, the boll quality varied in different plant types, parts and leafy shoots, the suitable planting density and variety adaptability of multi-stem cotton were studied in field experiments for ten consecutive years. Results showed that the highest yield was obtained in cotton plant of down-umbrella type, which was shaped by leafy shoots control. The yield was 9.0%-10.9% higher than that of other treatments. The control techniques included leafy shoot left and early topping, that was, top removal from the 12 fruiting branches of main stem and leafy shoot topping in July 5, Single boll weight of leafy shoots was heavier than those of 1-4 fruit branch of multi-stem type and conventional type, while the fiber quality had no difference. The suitable planting density of multi-stem cotton was 3.3 ~ 104 plants/hm2 -5.1 × 10 4 plants/hm2. The muhi- stem cotton had wide adaptability and the hybrids with developed leafy shoots had higher yield potential. The key simplified techniques in cultivation of high yield multi-stem cotton were enlarging space, suitable planting densitv, leafv shoots left and topping of leafy shoot in advance.