不同品种磷肥运筹对砂姜黑土玉米生长及产量的影响

Influences of Different Varieties of Phosphate Management on Corn Growth and Yield in Shajiang Black Soil

为了进一步提高砂姜黑土生产能力、缓解土壤酸化和防止磷流失导致面源污染,通过田间试验研究了钙镁磷肥用量和不同品种磷肥对砂姜黑土玉米生长和产量的影响。结果表明:在P2O5用量为90 kg/hm2时,钙镁磷肥、过磷酸钙、磷酸二铵、钙镁磷肥配施磷酸二铵分别比不施磷肥处理玉米增产20.8%、4.8%、5.7%、18.1%。施用钙镁磷肥玉米增产效果最大,并与砂姜黑土传统习惯施用的磷肥品种过磷酸钙、磷酸二铵等处理玉米产量达显著差异。供试土壤钙镁磷肥肥料效应方程为y=22.073x-0.1027x2+5537.4,由此方程可获得最高玉米产量钙镁磷肥(P2O5)用量为107.5 kg/hm2,因钙镁磷肥碱性,用量过高会影响土壤其他养分有效性而降低玉米产量。由此得出,钙镁磷肥是砂姜黑土玉米进一步增产新的施肥技术,其增产机理和施用方法值得进一步研究。

To improve soil quality and alleviate phosphorus leaching caused by soil acidity after long-term fertilization, a field experiment was designed and consisted of seven treatments： No phosphorus fertilizer application （CT）; applied FCMP at 45 kg/hm2 （45FCMP）; applied FCMP at 90 kg/hm2 （90FCMP）; applied FCMP at 180 kg/hm2 （180FCMP）; applied calcium superphosphate at 90 kg/hm2 （SSP）; applied diammonium phosphate at 90 kg/hm2 （DAP） and applied FCMP at 45 kg/lam2 combined with diammonium phosphate at 45 kg/ hm2 （FDAP）. The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer application helped to increase the corn production, and the increases of corn yield was 20.8% with 90FCMP, 4.8% with SSP, 5.7% with DAP and 18.1% with FDAP compared to CT. Moreover, an equation for the relationship between corn grain and the amount of FCMP application was： y=22.073x-0.1027x＋5537.4, and 107.5 kg/hm2 of FCMP was required to get the highest corn yield. Thus, this research suggests that FCMP application is a new technique to further increase the corn grain yield in Shajiang Black Soil. Moreover, because of its alkaline, FCMP may also help alleviate soil acidification and prevent non-point pollution of agriculture caused by long-term mineral fertilizers application in Shajiang Black Soil.