吉林省不同熟期玉米病虫害发生情况

Different Maturity Maize Pest Occurrence in Jilin Province

在吉林省中部地区的梨树县,依据玉米病虫害对气候变化的敏感性,通过田间试验进行了不同熟期玉米病虫害发生种类、程度以及对玉米产量的影响。为了明确气候变化条件下,吉林省不同熟期玉米病虫害发生规律、特点,进而为气候变化条件下不同熟期玉米病虫害的预测、预报和防治提供理论依据,2013年在吉林省中部地区的梨树县,通过田间试验调查并分析了不同熟期玉米病虫害发生种类、程度及对玉米产量的影响。结果表明：不同熟期玉米粘虫的植株平均被率分别为中早熟组5.59%、中熟组3.23%、中晚熟组2.61%;不同熟期玉米螟的平均蛀茎率依次为中早熟组17.40%、中熟组16.51%、中晚熟组5.97%;不同熟期玉米叶斑病病级指数依次为中早熟组2.03%-10.07%、中熟组0.70%-2.73%、中晚熟组0.73%-3.09%。说明中早熟组玉米病虫害对气候变化的敏感性较强,抗病、抗虫性低于中熟组和中晚熟的玉米品种;同一熟期的不同品种之间由于遗传特性也表现出抗性差异。不同熟期玉米产量分别为中早熟组8732.8-10273.1 kg/hm2、中熟组11507.0-13724.0 kg/hm2、中晚熟组11684.5-12722.6 kg/hm2。产量表现以中熟组和中晚熟组明显高于中早熟组,说明在吉林省中部地区早春低温、高湿,生长季节高温、高湿的气候条件下,种植中早熟品种病虫害发生较重,不利于产量的提高。

The study aim to clarify pest occurrence and characteristics under climate change of corn in Jilin Province, thus provide a theoretical basis for the forecast of corn pest occurrence and develop pest control techniques under climate change. In 2013 in Lishu County, the central region of Jilin Province, field trials with different ripening corn were conducted according to different ripening maize varieties＇ sensitivity to diseases, insect pests＇ response to climate change and its effect on maize yield. The results showed that： average rates of armyworm of mid-early-maturing, mid-maturing group and mid-late-maturing group were 5.59%, 3.23% and 2.61%, respectively; the average stem borers rate of corn borer of mid-early-maturing, mid-maturing group and mid-late-maturing group were 17.40%, 16.51% and 5.97%, respectively; corn leaf spot disease index of mid-early-maturing, mid-maturing group and mid-late-maturing group were 2.03%-10.07%, 0.70%-2.73% and 0.73%-3.09%, respectively, which illustrates that the plant diseases and insect pests of early maturing maize＇s sensitivity to climate change was strong and disease resistance and insect resistance of early maturing maize was weaker than the medium mid-maturing and mid-late-maturing maize; different varieties of the same maturity due to genetic characteristics also showed resistance difference; different maturity maize production were 8732.8- 10273.1 kg/hm2, 11507.0- 13724.0 kg/hm2 and 11684.5- 12722.6 kg/hm2, respectively. Yield performance in mid-maturing group and mid-late-maturing group was significantly higher than in the early maturity group, which illustrates that in the central region of Jilin Province, under the condition of low temperature and high humidity in early spring and high temperature and high humidity in growing season, disease occurrence and insect pests were heavier for early maturity varieties, which was not conducive to the improvement of maize production.