黑龙江省玉米霉变粒发生原因与防御对策

Causes and Prevention Measures to Moldy Grain of Maize in Heilongjiang Province

为了减轻黑龙江省玉米霉变粒损失,采用生产调查和统计对比分析方法,研究了黑龙江省玉米霉变粒发生情况和发生的原因。结果表明:2013年黑龙江省玉米大范围发生霉变粒,除主要是秋季收获后降水量多和温度较高等气象原因外,玉米面积增长快,农户收获机具发展滞后和存贮条件不完善等,也是造成发生的重要原因。预防玉米发生霉变粒需要采取综合技术对策:主要有加快选育推广适应机械收获和后期脱水快的早熟新品种;加快发展收获机械和建设"水玉米"烘干社会化服务体系,以及完善建设存贮设施等。同时还提出了深入分析气候变化对寒地玉米生产的影响,重新划分黑龙江省玉米种植积温带等需要深入研究的问题。

In 2013, the situation and causes of moldy grain of maize were studied using the production survey and statistical analysis method in order to reduce the grain losses in Heitongjiang province. The results showed that： moldy grain of maize occurred widely in Heilongjiang province, the causes included meteorological factors, such as larger precipitation and higher temperature after harvest in autumn, as well as the speed of growing of planting area, the lag of harvest machinery development and the inadequate storage conditions. And the authors suggest some comprehensive techniques to prevent the occurrence of a large scale of moldy grain. First, it needs to accelerate the breeding and popularizing of new varieties which is precocious, adapt to mechanical harvesting and quickly post-dehydration; second, to accelerate constructing the social service system for the development of harvesting machinery and ＂wet corn＂ drying; and thirdly, to improve the construction of storage facilities. Meanwhile the authors put forward in-depth study, such as analysis of the impact of climate change on maize production in cold area and redistricting the region of accumulated temperature for maize planting, and improve relevant technology system under the local condition.