出口技术复杂度升级对工资差距的影响:基于我国省级动态面板数据的系统GMM分析

Effect of Export Technical Sophistication Upgrading on Wage Gap: Evidence from Province-level Dynamic Panel Data Model with System GMM Estimation

笔者通过构建省级层面的出口技术水平指数,采用省级面板数据和系统GMM方法,实证检验了我国制造业各省级区域2002-2012年资本和劳动密集偏向型产业的出口技术复杂度对熟练与非熟练劳动力工资差距的关系。结果表明:1.2002-2012年,我国制造业各省级区域资本和劳动密集偏向型产业的出口技术复杂度都在不断地升级,但没有Rodrik测度的那么高;2.资本和劳动密集偏向型产业的出口技术复杂度升级均显著地增加了熟练劳动力的相对需求以及工资收入,从而增加了制造业熟练与非熟练劳动力的工资差距;3.外商直接投资也能显著地扩大其相对工资差距,而区域开放程度则显著减少了我国熟练劳动力的工资份额。

By constructing index of export technical level in the provincial level, this paper makes an empirical test on the relationship between the export technical sophistication of China＇s capital and labor intensive biased manufacturing industries in different provinces and the wage gap of the skilled and unskilled labor from 2002 to 2012 with the help of province-level panel data and system GMM method. The results show that from 2002 to 2012, the export technical sophistication of capital and labor intensive biased manufacturing industries in different provinces are constantly upgrading, but not as high as what Rodrik measures; the upgrading increases the relative demand and wage of skilled labor,which enlarging the wage gap of the skilled and unskilled labor; foreign direct investment also significantly expands the relative wage gap, while regional openness notably reduces the wage share of skilled labor.