科技投入、结构演变与我国农业国际竞争力

Science and Technology Investment, Structure Evolution and International Competitiveness of Agriculture in China

农业国际竞争力是产业实力向外延伸。通过收集1980-2012年间贸易数据,计算市场占有率、贸易专业化和显性比较优势指数衡量我国农业国际竞争力,借助理论和构建模型,探讨农业研发、外国直接投资、农业产出结构等变量对农业国际竞争力的影响,发现研发强度、外资比例和农业产出结构调整提升了我国农业国际竞争力,农业人力资本流失对农业竞争力形成负效应,分析了我国农业可持续发展的制约因素,提出了逐步流转土地,注重科技投入和技术进步,引进现代高效农业的改革建议。

International agricultural competitiveness is the expansion of the domestic agricultural development. Using trade data collected from 1980-2012, the paper calculates the market share, trade specialization index and revealed comparative advantage index to measure the agricultural competitiveness of China. Drawing on theories and constructed models, the paper explores the effects of RD,foreign direct investment and the agricultural output structure on international agricultural competitiveness. The findings show that the intensity of RD, FDI proportion and output structure adjustment increase international agricultural competitiveness, while agricultural human capital drainage imposes a serious negative effect on international agricultural competitiveness. The paper also analyzes the restrictive factors of the sustainable development of China＇s agriculture, and puts forward reform suggestions for land conversion step by step, emphasize scientific and technological progress and establish high-efficiency modern agriculture.