服务进口与工资差距——基于中国服务业企业数据的实证检验

Service Import and Wage Gap: Evidence from Chinese Enterprises in Service Sectors

本文以2008年外资或外资控股的服务业企业为样本,借鉴Feenstra和Hanson(1999)采用的估计高技能员工相对需求的方法建立回归模型,分行业和地区考察中国服务进口对工资差距的影响。结论表明,无论对全国、东部地区还是中西部地区,全行业、现代服务业还是传统服务业,服务进口的增加都会导致工资差距的扩大。此外,企业利润、员工受教育水平等企业特征与工资差距存在正向关系,而企业中高级职称员工占比的提高会缩小工资差距。因此,从缩小企业内部工资差距出发,应注重员工技能水平的提升,而非对高学历的一味追求。

Based on the estimation of relative demand for high-skilled workers by Feenstra and Hanson（1999）, this paper empirically studies the effect of service import on wage gap in China, using the data of foreign or foreign-owned enterprises in service sectors. The results show that, in the whole country, no matter in eastern or western regions and regardless of all the sectors, modern service or traditional service sectors, the increase of service import can lead to the expansion of the wage gap. In addition, some enterprise features, such as enterprise profit, educational level of workers, can also play a positive role on the wage gap, while the increase of the proportion of skilled workers will narrow the wage gap. Hence, the paper indicates that to narrow the wage gap within enterprises, it is vital to improve the workers＇ skill levels instead of blindly pursuing advanced degrees.