1995—2013年安顺市食源性疾病分析

Analysis of foodborne diseases in Anshun City from 1995-2013

目的分析近20年来安顺市食源性疾病发病规律以寻求降低食品风险的依据和食品安全措施。方法采用Excel2007和Epinfo软件对1995—2013年突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统中安顺食源性疾病报告事件作流行病学描述性和分析性研究。结果 1995—2013年共报告103起食源性疾病事件,发病3 587例,死亡61例。7、8月是高发季节。中毒原因以微生物为主,报告事件数为33起,占总事件数的32.04%(33/103);中毒人数为1 419人,占总病例数的39.56%(1 419/3 587)。死亡原因以化学中毒尤其是鼠药中毒为主,占死亡病例的55.74%(34/61);其次为不明原因死亡,占死亡病例的26.23%(16/61)。发病和死亡主要集中在农村人口中,中毒发病起数农村高于城市,中毒发病率城市高于农村(χ2=153.077 8,P<0.01),但中毒病死率农村远高于城市(χ2=28.177 8,P<0.05)。结论安顺市食物中毒预防与控制重点在农村家庭与学校食堂,针对安顺市在高发季节对高发人群采取有效的干预措施可降低发病数和死亡数,以保障食品安全。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological regularity of foodborne diseases in Anshun City in recent 20 years,find a basis for reducing the food risk of and developing the food safety measures.[Methods]By using Excel 2007 and Epinfo,the epidemiological descriptive and analytical study was conducted in the data of foodborne disease cases in Anshun City,which were reported from the Emergency public health event report management information system. [Results]A total of 103 foodborne disease events have been reported during 1995-2013,including 3 587 cases and 61 death cases. The peak season was July to August. 33 events were caused by microorganism,accounting for 32. 04%（ 33 /103） of total events,and there were 1 419 poisoning cases,accounting for 39. 56%（ 1 419 /3 587） of total cases. The cause of death was dominated by the chemical poisoning,especially the rodenticide poisoning,accounting for 55. 74%（ 34 /61） of total death cases,followed by the unexplained deaths,accounting for 26. 23%（16/61） of total death cases. The cases and death cases mainly concentrated in rural population. The number of poisoning events in the rural area was higher than that in the urban area,and the incidence rate in the urban area was higher than that in the rural area（ χ^2= 153. 077 8,P〈0. 01）,but the fatality rate of poisoning in the urban area was significantly higher than that in the urban area（ χ^2= 28. 177 8,P〈0. 05）.[Conclusion]In Anshun City,the prevention and control of food poisoning should focus on rural households and collective canteens. The effective intervention measures according to high-risk population in peak season can reduce the cases and death cases,to ensure the safety of food.