基于频域盲信号处理的汽车制动异响定位方法研究

Study of abnormal sound localization method in automobile brake based on frequency-domain blind signal processing

汽车基础制动器在汽车刹车过程中会产生剧烈的振动和噪声,影响乘员的舒适性,降低有关汽车零部件的寿命;同时,尖锐的制动噪声(尖叫)还会严重干扰人们的正常生活。针对汽车制动异响噪声的治理工作非常重要。总结了汽车制动噪声的产生机理、噪声特点和影响因素,回顾并分析了抑制和防治制动噪声的理论与工程研究进展。针对传统汽车制动异响检测分析方法手段单一、数据处理不便、灵活性差等突出性问题,提出了一种基于声信号频域盲处理的制动异响定位方法,详细介绍了其关键技术:利用动态粒子群优化形态滤波抑制路试背景噪声、使用峭度最大化复数单元固定点算法分离提取复分量、利用改进KL距离解决次序不确定性等。通过实际刹车制动声信号故障提取,验证了该方法的有效性和可靠性。

Vehicle foundation brake will produce severe vibration and noise during braking, influencing occupant comfort and reducing the life of automotive components. Meanwhile, the sharp brake noise （screaming） seriously interferes with people＇s normal life. Thus, the governance of abnormal brake sound is very important. In this paper, the generation mechanism, features and influencing factors of brake were summarized. The theory and research progress on brake noise suppression and prevention were reviewed and analyzed. For the outstanding problems of traditional vehicle abnormal brake sound detection, such as lacking of detection and analysis methods, inconvenience of data processing and poor flexibility, an abnormal brake sound localization method based on frequency-domain blind signal processing was proposed. Key technologies were introduced in details, such as noise suppression during road test based on dynamic particle swarm optimization morphological filtering, using unit fixed-point algorithms based on kurtosis maximization to separate and extraction complex components and solving permutation indeterminacy based on improved KL-distance. Finally, an actual brake failure acoustic signal extraction proved the effectiveness and reliability of this method.