气候变化背景下旱地农田生态系统生态缺水变化研究——以武川县为例

The trend of ecological water shortage of farmland ecosystem in dryland under the background of climate change:A case of Wuchuan County

近50年以来,由于受气候变化以及高强度的农业生产活动的影响,我国北方旱农地区脆弱的生态环境日益恶化,农田生态系统出现了明显的退化趋势。生态缺水是旱地农田生态退化的主要原因。文中以我国北方旱地农业区的典型县-内蒙古自治区武川县为例,探讨了气候变化背景下旱地农田生态系统生态缺水的变化趋势。研究结果表明:武川县气候正在向干暖化趋势发展,特别是近20年以来,干暖化趋势更加明显。1991-2010年武川县农田生态缺水量呈上升趋势,上升幅度分别为马铃薯45.99mm/10a,春小麦55.40mm/10a。降水是影响生态缺水量的主要因素。在气候干暖化背景下,武川县农田生态系统生态缺水量随降水量的减小而增加,气候变化加剧了旱地农田生态系统的退化。在旱农地区,气候变化背景下旱地农田生态系统退化趋势需要引起全社会的高度关注与重视。

In the past 50 years,due to the impact of climate change as well as high-intensity agricultural production activities,the fragile eco-environment of dryland in north China has been deteriorating,and there is a clear trend of degradation of dry farmland ecosystem.Ecological water shortage is one of the important reasons of ecological degradation.The article has discussed the trends of ecological water shortage in dry farmland ecosystem under the background of climate change in Wuchuan county（a typical county in dryland agricultural areas）.The results show that the climate was gradually giving way to dry warming trend,especially in the past 20 years,the trend was more pronounced.From 1991 to 2010,ecological water shortage showed an increasing trend,for potatoes it was45.99mm/10a,and spring wheat was 55.40mm/10a.Precipitation was the major factor affecting ecological water shortage.In the context of dry warming trend,ecological water shortage increased with the decreasing precipitation.That is to say climate change exacerbated the dry farmland ecosystem degradation.In dryland,it is important to pay attention to the degradation of dryland agro-ecosystem under the background of climate change.