办公建筑室内发热量的空间不均匀特性对空调设计选型的影响分析

Impact analysis of indoor heat gain spatial diverse characteristics on air conditioning system design and capacity in office building

人员、照明、办公用电设备等建筑室内得热是空调冷负荷的重要组成部分。通过调研发现,在办公建筑中相同功能、不同区域的人员密度和设备发热密度不同,即发热密度在空间上呈现不均匀且存在一定的随机分布特征,而这种随机性使得设计中难以准确把握室内发热密度的合理取值。从保障使用的角度,通常在设计中会选择偏大的室内发热量参数进行负荷计算及设备选型,从而在一定程度上会导致制冷机的选型偏大于实际需冷量。通过实地调查分析和归纳,将室内发热密度在空间上的分布随机性描述为一概率分布函数,且多层室内发热密度分布函数比单层室内发热密度分布函数更加集中。通过研究总结,在空气处理设备和制冷机选型时,应选用不同的室内发热密度取值,从而同时保证空气处理设备容量合理并避免制冷机容量冗余。

Indoor heat gains from occupant,lighting and office equipment is important part of air conditioning cooling load in office.By investigation,occupant and electrical power density are different in different zone with same function;it means that the heat gain density of occupant and electric has randomness on space.The randomness makes it difficult to decide reasonable indoor heat gain density when designing.Thus,designers often use larger indoor heat gain density value to calculate load and choose air conditioning equipment capacity.This method is one of the factors which lead to chiller oversized. Describes the spatial randomness as a distribution function by investigation and induction.The distribution function of multi-storied is more centralized than single-storied.Consequently,the indoor heat gain density which is used to calculate chiller capacity is different from that of air handling equipment.This method can avoid chiller excessive capacity and part of air handling equipment is not enough.