中国水污染趋势与治理制度

Trend of and the Governance System for Water Pollution in China

水污染严重地威胁着我国的水资源和水环境安全。本文首先评论中国环境战略和政策安排的偏倚与失衡,这源于环境政策被政治因素所左右;然后全面评价全国水污染的宏观态势,通过考察我们设计的、更为合理的地表水污染评价指数的历史变动趋势,得到的结论是:我国河流、湖泊、水库、近海海域的污染呈现总体上升态势,其中水库、湖泊的污染速度超过同期经济总量增长速度或与之持平;农村饮用水安全问题仍然十分严重,这都折射出我国经济增长的水环境代价。本文还分析了水污染对公众健康的影响、制度因素下水环境基础设施建设的困境等问题。本文认为,水污染问题是当前我国最为紧迫的环境安全问题,解决水污染问题的治理重点应集中于解决农村水环境基础设施建设、流域综合治理以及加强环境执法。

China＇s water environmental security is threatened by water pollution. The paper, first, contributes a comment on China＇s current environmental strategy and policy. We think that there has been some bias or out-of-balance among different pollutions which would be driven by political considerations. Then, the paper evaluates status of water pollution in China in which we have met statistical data problems that means the data from polluted rivers, lakes and reservoirs are all not comparable year by year. Therefore we design some reasonable index for surface water pollution in order to process data to be compared with. The indexes report that pollution situations of China＇s rivers,lakes, reservoirs and areas closer seashore have taken on rising up in which the increase rates of reservoirs and lakes exceeded or equal to GDP growth rate in the same period. In other hand there is serious situation for drinking water security in the rural areas. The paper also aims to the impact for public health from water pollution. The paper, finally, points out that the key works for water pollution governance should concentrate on rural environmental infrastructure building and operation, watershed managing comprehensively and enforcing powerfully the environmental laws and regulations.