石家庄市农村集中式供水卫生学风险因素分析

Rural central water supply sanitary risk factors analysis in Shijiazhuang city

目的了解石家庄市农村集中式供水风险因素。方法按照《WHO饮水水质准则》(2004)中的"饮水安全计划"方法,对石家庄市10个县(市)245个集中式供水各环节风险进行评价。结果石家庄市农村集中式供水从水源到用户的各环节均存在风险因素,极高风险达63.43%,高风险占21.21%,中度风险占0.00%,低风险占12.12%,零风险占3.03%。水质感官性状、一般化学指标和毒理指标处于零风险或低风险水平。微生物指标虽然处于低风险水平,但是末梢水总大肠菌群超标率为24.21%,基本接近中度风险。结论石家庄市农村集中式供水风险因素涉及到水源、供水设施、管理措施及用户,表明在农村集中式供水管理中应注意这些影响水质的因素。

Objective To understand the risk factors in rural central water supply of Shijiazhuang city. Methods According to the method of Water Safety Plan within WHO Guideline on Drinking Water Quality （2004）, the risk assessment on 245 central water supplies was carried out from 10 counties （cities） in Shijiazhuang city. Results The risks existed in various parts from water source to end point of use in rural central water supply of Shijiazhuang city, The sky - high, high, middle and low risk rates were 63.43%, 21.21%, 0, 12. 12% and 3.03% respectively. The water quality organoleptic characters, generic chemical indicators and toxicological indices were at low risk level or zero risk level. Althouth the microbial index was at low risk level, the over standard rate of the total coliform was 24. 21% in tap water, which was basically close to the middle risk level. Conclusions The risk factors in rural central water supply of Shijiazhuang city come down to water source, supply facilities, management measures and users, which hints that these risk factors should be noticed in rural central water supply management.