侵袭性真菌病的非培养实验室诊断方法

Non-cultural methods for the laboratory diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases

侵袭性真菌病的非培养实验室检测方法主要包括真菌抗原检测、真菌抗体血清学检测以及分子生物学检测。真菌抗原检测包括（1，3）-β-D-葡聚糖检测、半乳甘露聚糖检测、隐球菌荚膜多糖抗原检测以及念珠菌甘露聚糖抗原检测等。不同的抗原用于诊断不同的真菌感染。抗真菌抗体的血清学检测主要包括荚膜组织胞浆菌、粗球孢子菌/副球孢子菌以及皮炎芽生菌的相应血清抗体的检测。分子生物学检测则包括非扩增的核酸检测技术、核酸扩增检测技术、直接测序以及基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（ MALDI-TOF MS）技术。尽管分子生物学检测的方法尚未标准化，但其是未来侵袭性真菌病非培养检测的重要发展方向。

Non-cultural laboratory diagnostic methods include fungal antigen detection, anti-fungal antibody detection and molecular methods. Fungal antigen detection aim at （ 1, 3 ）-β-D-glucan, galactomannan, cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen and candida mannan antigen.Different antigen is used to diagnose different fungal infection.Antifungal antibody include antibody against Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis/Paracoccidiodes and Blastomyces dermatitidis.Molecular methods include non-amplification nucleic acid detection, nucleic acid amplification test, direct sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry （ MALDI-TOF MS ） technology.Even though molecular methods are limited because of no standardization, the future of its usage is promising.