基于Delphi法的冠心病不同临床分型中医证候特征专家调查

Expert Survey for Chinese Medicine Syndrome Characteristics of Different Clinical Types of Coronary Artery Disease Based on the Delphi Method

目的对冠心病不同临床分型中医证候现代特征进行专家调查。方法运用Delphi法在全国范围内对冠心病不同临床分型中医证候要素及证候类型的现代特征开展两轮专家调查。结果冠心病不同临床分型普遍多见气虚、血瘀、痰浊及气虚血瘀、痰瘀互结等证,其中不稳定性心绞痛较稳定性心绞痛多见气滞、血瘀、痰浊、热蕴、寒凝、阳虚及气阳两虚,气虚、阴虚及气阴两虚相对少见;急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死较急性非ST段抬高性心肌梗死多见实性证候要素,气虚、阴虚等虚性证候要素则普遍少见;冠心病心力衰竭多见气虚、血瘀、水饮、阳虚、痰浊、阴虚,心气不足与气虚血瘀水停是冠心病心力衰竭最常见证候类型;冠心病心律失常较其他分型多见血虚、阴虚、热蕴及心脾两虚、气血亏虚、气阴两虚、阴虚火旺。结论冠心病不同临床分型中医证候特征存在共性规律与个性特点,基于专家共识的调查结果对于冠心病临床辨治具有一定借鉴与指导意义。

Objective To carry out expert survey for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome characteristics of different clinical types of coronary artery disease （CAD）. Methods By using Delphi method, we carried out two rounds of nationwide expert surveys for modern TCM characteristics of syndrome elements and syndrome types of CAD. Results Based on expert consensus, qi deficiency, blood stasis, phlegm turbidity, qi deficiency blood stasis, and intermingled phlegm and blood stasis are common TCM syndromes for different clinical types of CAD. Of them, qi stagnation, blood stasis, phlegm turbidity, heat accumulation, cold coagulation, yang deficiency, deficiency of both qi and yang were more often seen in patients with unstable angina than in those with stable angina. Qi deficiency, yin deficiency, and deficiency of both qi and yin were less seen. We could see more excess syndrome and less deficiency syndrome （such as qi deficiency, yin deficiency, etc.） in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） than acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （NSTEMI）. Qi deficiency, blood stasis, water retention, yang deficiency, phlegm turbidity, yin deficiency, Xin-qi deficiency, and qi deficiency blood stasis induced water retention are the most common TCM syndrome types of CAD heart failure （HF）. Blood deficiency, yin deficiency, heat accumulation, deficiency of both Xin and Pi, deficiency of both qi and blood, deficiency of both qi and yin, yin deficiency and fire hyperactivity were more often seen in CAD arrhythmias. Conclusions TCM syndrome distributions of different clinical types of CAD have common laws and individual characteristics. Results based on the expert consensus supplied evidence and support for clinical diagnosis and treatment of CAD.