竹织叶野螟成虫求偶行为及其雌蛾性信息素分泌腺超微结构

Calling behavior of adult Algedonia coclesalis(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)and the ultrastructure of the sex pheromone-producing glands in its female adults

【目的】蛾类昆虫性信息素的合成和释放与求偶行为的发生是一致的,其合成和释放的器官是性信息素腺体。为深入了解竹织叶野螟性信息素的分泌生理,开展了竹织叶野螟求偶行为及其性信息素腺体超微结构的研究。【方法】在光周期14L∶10D、温度26±2℃、相对湿度80%±10%的室内条件下,观察研究了竹织叶野螟的求偶行为;依据求偶规律研究结果,选取最活跃日龄雌蛾,在暗期求偶高峰时间段,充分挤压其腹部末端,然后于第8节处横向切下,将切下的腹末标本处理后,借助显微镜和扫描电镜观察性信息素腺体的表面特征及超微结构。【结果】竹织叶野螟雌雄蛾求偶均具一定的程序性,且求偶行为只发生在暗期,暗期前5 h内雌蛾求偶率较低,6 h后求偶率明显升高,并在暗期7-8 h达到求偶高峰;求偶率与雌蛾日龄有密切关系,3日龄雌蛾求偶率最高,持续时间也最长。竹织叶野螟性信息素分泌腺位于腹部第8-9节节间膜上,是一完整的环状结构,显微镜下观察其分泌腺为一乳白色囊状体,扫描电镜下其腹面囊状体迂回褶皱多,大体分为3个褶皱区,除第1褶皱区外,其余褶皱区表面密布乳突、凹陷沟和刺状物,且刺状物顶端有孔;背面囊状体皱褶少,其表面形态与第2和第3褶皱区相似。【结论】研究结果有助于了解竹织叶野螟性信息素合成和释放的时辰节律,也为该虫性信息素的准确提取和鉴定、性信息素的生物合成及利用提供了科学依据。

【Aim】The production and release of sex pheromone are synchronous with calling behaviour in the moth,and the organs producing and releasing sex pheromone are pheromone-producing glands. In order to understand the secretion characteristics of sex pheromone,the calling behavior and ultrastructure of the sex pheromone-producing glands of Algedonia coclesalis were studied. 【Methods】 The calling behavior of adult A. coclesalis was observed under controlled laboratory conditions of 26 ± 2℃,80% ±10% RH and 14L∶ 10 D photoperiod. According to the results of calling rhythm,the most active female moth was selected and the terminal abdominal segment was extruded fully. The 8th abdominal segment was cut transversely and was observed by microscopy and scanning electron microscopy（ SEM）,respectively. 【Results】The calling behavior of both females and males had procedures and only occurred in dark period. The calling rate was lower within 5 h of the scotophase,but increased significantly at 6 h after the initiation of scotophase and reached the peak at the 7th- 8th hour of scotophase. The callingrate had a close relation with the age of female moth,and the 3 day-old female moth had the highest calling rate and longest calling duration. It was observed that the gland was full ring-like structure situated on the segmental membrane between the 8th and 9th segments,and it was milky white bursa under microscope. Ventral bursa was multiply wrinkled under SEM,which was roughly divided into three wrinkled regions. The surfaces of wrinkled regions except the 1st one are covered with the papillae,concave groove and spine,and the spine has a hole on the top. The bursa on the back has fewer wrinkles,and the 1st wrinkled region has the similar surface morphology with the 2nd and 3rd ones.【Conclusion】The results could help us understand the circadian rhythm of pheromone biosynthesis and release,and further provide scientific basis for the biosynthesis,accurate extraction and identification,and application of sex pheromones.