蜜源食物对节肢动物天敌寿命、繁殖力和控害能力的影响

Effects of sugar-rich foods on the longevity,fecundity and pest control capacity of arthropod natural enemies

大多数节肢动物天敌除了寄生或捕食寄主或猎物外,也会取食蜜源食物,特别是包括植物花蜜、花外蜜和昆虫蜜露等富含糖分的食物。这些蜜源食物对于提高寄生性和捕食性天敌的飞行和寄主搜索能力、延长寿命、提高繁殖力和增强控害能力都能发挥重要作用。本文重点介绍了农田生态系统中3类常见的非猎物性蜜源食物即植物花蜜、花外蜜和昆虫蜜露。其中,花蜜和花外蜜能够显著延长天敌寿命,提高天敌繁殖力和控害能力;蜜露的作用虽次于花蜜和花外蜜,但仍能促进某些天敌的生态功能。还进一步综述了显花植物和蜜源食物投放在生物防治中的应用,并从筛选适宜的蜜源植物、蜜源食物中糖成分作用分析和天敌对蜜源食物的搜索和定位等方向开展对蜜源食物的研究利用进行了展望。

Most arthropod predators and parasitoids also feed on sugar-rich foods including floral nectar,extrafloral nectar and arthropod honeydew besides preying or parasitizing arthropod hosts. These sugarrich foods play important roles in enhancing their flight and host foraging ability,prolonging adult longevity,increasing fecundity and improving pest control capacity. In this article,we briefly introduced three common sugar-rich foods in agro-ecosystem including floral nectar,extrafloral nectar and honeydew.Floral nectar and extrafloral nectar could significantly prolong and improve the longevity,fecundity and pest control capacity of most arthropod natural enemies,whereas honeydew could only improve the biological fitness of some natural enemies. The successful applications of planting flowering plants and supplying sugar-rich foods on improving biological control functioning in agro-ecosystem were also reviewed. Furthermore,the further research directions of sugar-rich foods,including screening nectar resource plants,clarifying the effects of sugars in sugar-rich foods and the mechanism of searching and locating the sugar-rich foods by natural enemies,were discussed.