中国大陆地区2004——2012年甲型肝炎的流行特征分析

Epidemic features of hepatitis A in China's Mainland during 2004 and 2012

目的分析中国大陆地区2004—2012年甲型肝炎（甲肝）疫情的流行病学特征，为预防控制提供建议。方法用Excel2007软件对全国甲肝疫情数据资料进行整理，采用描述流行病学方法，对中国大陆地区甲肝流行情况和分布特征进行分析。结果2004—2012年甲肝发病数和发病率均大致呈逐年下降趋势，共报告甲型肝炎病例503817例，其中死亡202例，占0．04％。年度发病率波动在1．78／10万一7．34／10万之间，年平均发病率4．00／10万；报告病例未见明显的季节分布，冬季略低于其他季节，病例数和死亡数分别占全年20．78％和18．87％。甲肝病例主要集中在西南地区和西北地区，分别占总病例数的30．06％和20.31％，四川、河南、云南、新疆、甘肃、贵州等6省区占总病例数的48．87％。甲肝在各个年龄组均有发病，发病最多的是0～9岁年龄组（20．88％），发病最少的是80岁以上年龄组（0．89％）。结论中国大陆地区由甲肝的高发区向中、低发区过渡，但仍应加强西部地区和低年龄人群的免疫监测力度。

Objective To analyze the epidemic features of hepatitis A in China's Mainland during 2004 and 2012 for effective prevention and control. Methods The incidence of hepatitis A in China during 2004 and 2012 was analyzed by using Excel 2007 software. The disease situation including the incidence trend and the time, regional and population distribution were described. Results During 2004 and 2012, the number of cases and incidence of hepatitis A was substantially decreased year by year,and totally 503 817 cases of hepatitis A incidence were reported, including 202 deaths（0.04%）. The yearly incidence fluctuated between 1.78/100 000 and 7.34/100 000 with an average rate of 4.00/100 000. There was no obvious season peak for hepatitis A though fewer cases were reported in winter, with all and fatal cases accounting for 20.78% and 18.87%, respectively. Hepatitis A cases were mainly happened in the southwest and northwest regions of China, accounting for 30.06% and 20.31%, respectively. More number of cases was reported in Sichuan, Henan, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Gansu and Guizhou with all cases there accounting for 48.87%. The incidence of hepatitis A were seen in all age groups, and the highest incidence incidence was in children at age of 0-9 years, and the lowest incidence was in age group over 80 years. The number of cases in these two groups accounted for 20.88% and 0.89%, respectively. Conclusions China's Mainland is transferring from high epidemic district to middle or low district of hepatitis A. However, the immune surveillance in western area and younger group should still be stengthened.