黑龙江省的城市化对近地面风速变化的影响

THE IMPACT ON WIND SPEED TREND OF URBANIZATION AT HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE

利用黑龙江省1971～2004年地面风速资料，分析其近地层风速变化特征，同时采用泰来、通河气象站1971~2004年十六方位风速资料，2009年7月-2010年6月气象站与附近测风塔10m高度逐时风速、风向资料，分析城市化对风速序列的影响。结果表明：黑龙江省近地层风速呈明显减弱趋势，城市站减弱趋势较乡村站明显，城市站与乡村站的风速差值有增大趋势；泰来、通河测风塔与气象站各方向风速比较，无论是风速差值，还是比值均表明城市对风速影响显著；结合城市空间布局及气象站在城市中的位置，分析泰来、通河十六方位风速变化速率，风速在绝大多数方向呈下降趋势，其中受城市影响较大的方向风速减弱趋势明显，受城市影响较小的方向风速减小趋势较弱。

A date set of annual mean surface wind speed of year 1971-2004 in Heilongjiang was used to analyze long- term wind speed trend, and 16 directions annual mean surface wind speed of year 1971-2004 of Tailai and Tonghe stations, wind speed and wind direction at 10 m observed at wind tower near stations during 2009.07-2010.06 was applied to examine the urban effects on wind speed. Results showed that significant decreasing trends of annual mean surface wind speed occurred in Heilongjiang. Wind speed observed at urban station had a stronger decreasing trend than at rural station. Both difference in values and the ratio of wind speed between stations and wind towers indicated the urban effect. 16 directions wind speed trend of Tailai and Tonghe was analyzed based on urban spatial layout and location of station in the urban, showing that wind speed decreased more obviously in the direction which affected by urbanization more, vice-versa.