教学是人类的一种自然认知能力——与西德尼·斯特劳斯教授的对话

Teaching Is a Natural Cognitive Ability for Humans:An interview with Sidney Strauss

人类教学是一种自然认知能力。教学的目的是引发他人的学习,教学取决于对他人心理的理解能力,因此教学与心理理论相关。教学是知识渊博者有目的地将信息传递给知识贫乏的、具有部分知识或者错误信念的人的活动。也就是说,教学的基础是知识差距。教学作为一种自然认知能力,有7个属性:(1)教学具有复杂性;(2)教学能力的习得毫不费力且不需要指导;(3)教学发生时,教师没有意识到它的内在逻辑;(4)教学能力不同于一般的加工或传输信息的能力;(5)教学的发展具有稳定性;(6)教学具有物种的典型性;(7)教学具有物种特异性。教学能力的发展遵循"最初教学——演示教学——解释教学——应需教学"的自然发展轨迹。教学的研究体现出高度的跨学科性。

Teaching is a natural cognitive ability for human being. The purpose of teaching is to induce learning, suggesting that teaching relies on the human ability to understand the other＇s mind, i.e. , teaching is linked to theory of mind. Teaching is an intentional activity that a knowledgeable person passes the information to the others who lack knowledge, or have only partial knowledge or possess a false belief. The base of teaching is a knowledge gap. Teaching, as a natural cognitive ability, has seven properties. The teaching ability develops from proto - teaching to demonstration, to explanation and to contingent teaching. The researches on teaching are multi - disciplinary.